of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of

Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction

Opened for signature at Paris on 13 January 1993

Afghanistan 14 Jan 1993

Albania 14 Jan 1993 11 May 1994

Algeria 13 Jan 1993 14 Aug 1995

Argentina 13 Jan 1993 2 Oct 1995

Armenia 19 Mar 1993 27 Jan 1995

Australia 13 Jan 1993 6 May 1994

Austria 13 Jan 1993 17 Aug 1995

Azerbaijan 13 Jan 1993

Bahamas 2 Mar 1994

Bahrain 24 Feb 1993 28 Apr 1997

Bangladesh 14 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Belarus 14 Jan 1993 11 Jul 1996

Belgium 13 Jan 1993 27 Jan 1997

Benin 14 Jan 1993 14 May 1998

Bhutan 24 Apr 1997

Bolivia 14 Jan 1993 14 Aug 1998

Bosnia and Herzegovina 16 Jan 1997 25 Feb 1997

Brazil 13 Jan 1993 13 Mar 1996

Brunei Darussalam 13 Jan 1993 28 Jul 1997

Bulgaria 13 Jan 1993 10 Aug 1994

Burkina Faso 14 Jan 1993 8 Jul 1997

Burundi 15 Jan 1993 4 Sept 1998

Cambodia 15 Jan 1993

Cameroon 14 Jan 1993 16 Sep 1996

Canada 13 Jan 1993 26 Sep 1995

Cape Verde 15 Jan 1993

Central African
Republic 14 Jan 1993

Chad 11 Oct 1994

Chile 14 Jan 1993 12 Jul 1996

China 13 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Colombia 13 Jan 1993

Comoros 13 Jan 1993

Congo 15 Jan 1993

Cook Islands 14 Jan 1993 15 Jul 1994

Costa Rica 14 Jan 1993 31 May 1996

Côte d'Ivoire 13 Jan 1993 18 Dec 1995

Croatia 13 Jan 1993 23 May 1995

Cuba 13 Jan 1993 29 Apr 1997

Cyprus 13 Jan 1993 28 Aug 1998

Czech Republic 14 Jan 1993 6 Mar 1996

Democratic Republic
of the Congo 14 Jan 1993

Denmark 14 Jan 1993 13 Jul 1995

Djibouti 28 Sep 1993

Dominica 2 Aug 1993

Dominican Republic 13 Jan 1993

Ecuador 14 Jan 1993 6 Sep 1995

El Salvador 14 Jan 1993 30 Oct 1995

Equatorial Guinea 14 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Estonia 14 Jan 1993

Ethiopia 14 Jan 1993 13 May 1996

Fiji 14 Jan 1993 20 Jan 1993

Finland 14 Jan 1993 7 Feb 1995

France 13 Jan 1993 2 Mar 1995

Gabon 13 Jan 1993

Gambia 13 Jan 1993 19 May 1998

Georgia 14 Jan 1993 27 Nov 1995

Germany 13 Jan 1993 12 Aug 1994

Ghana 14 Jan 1993 9 Jul 1997

Greece 13 Jan 1993 22 Dec 1994

Grenada 9 Apr 1997

Guatemala 14 Jan 1993

Guinea 14 Jan 1993 9 Jun 1997

Guinea-Bissau 14 Jan 1993

Guyana 6 Oct 1993 12 Sep 1997

Haiti 14 Jan 1993

Holy See 14 Jan 1993

Honduras 13 Jan 1993

Hungary 13 Jan 1993 31 Oct 1996

Iceland 13 Jan 1993 28 Apr 1997

India 14 Jan 1993 3 Sep 1996

Indonesia 13 Jan 1993 12 Nov 1998

Iran (Islamic
Republic of) 13 Jan 1993 3 Nov 1997

Ireland 14 Jan 1993 24 Jun 1996

Israel 13 Jan 1993

Italy 13 Jan 1993 8 Dec 1995

Jamaica 18 Apr 1997

Japan 13 Jan 1993 15 Sep 1995

Kazakhstan 14 Jan 1993

Kenya 15 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Kuwait 27 Jan 1993 29 May 1997

Kyrgyzstan 22 Feb 1993

Lao People's
Democratic
Republic 13 May 1993 25 Feb 1997

Latvia 6 May 1993 23 Jul 1996

Lesotho 7 Dec 1994 7 Dec 1994

Liberia 15 Jan 1993

Liechtenstein 21 Jul 1993

Lithuania 13 Jan 1993 15 Apr 1998

Luxembourg 13 Jan 1993 15 Apr 1997

Madagascar 15 Jan 1993

Malawi 14 Jan 1993 11 Jun 1998

Malaysia 13 Jan 1993

Maldives 4 Oct 1993 31 May 1994

Mali 13 Jan 1993 28 Apr 1997

Malta 13 Jan 1993 28 Apr 1997

Marshall Islands 13 Jan 1993

Mauritania 13 Jan 1993 9 Feb 1998

Mauritius 14 Jan 1993 9 Feb 1993

Mexico 13 Jan 1993 29 Aug 1994

Micronesia (Federated
States of) 13 Jan 1993

Monaco 13 Jan 1993 1 Jun 1995

Mongolia 14 Jan 1993 17 Jan 1995

Morocco 13 Jan 1993 28 Dec 1995

Myanmar 14 Jan 1993

Namibia 13 Jan 1993 24 Nov 1995

Nauru 13 Jan 1993

Nepal 19 Jan 1993 18 Nov 1997

Netherlands 2 14 Jan 1993 30 Jun 1995

New Zealand 14 Jan 1993 15 Jul 1996

Nicaragua 9 Mar 1993

Niger 14 Jan 1993 9 Apr 1997

Nigeria 13 Jan 1993

Norway 13 Jan 1993 7 Apr 1994

Oman 2 Feb 1993 8 Feb 1995

Pakistan 13 Jan 1993 28 Oct 1997

Panama 16 Jun 1993 7 Oct 1998

Papua New Guinea 14 Jan 1993 17 Apr 1996

Paraguay 14 Jan 1993 1 Dec 1994

Peru 14 Jan 1993 20 Jul 1995

Philippines 13 Jan 1993 11 Dec 1996

Poland 13 Jan 1993 23 Aug 1995

Portugal 13 Jan 1993 10 Sep 1996

Qatar 1 Feb 1993 3 Sep 1997

Republic of Korea 14 Jan 1993 28 Apr 1997

Republic of Moldova 13 Jan 1993 8 Jul 1996

Romania 13 Jan 1993 15 Feb 1995

Russian Federation 13 Jan 1993 5 Nov 1997

Rwanda 17 May 1993

Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 Mar 1994

Saint Lucia 29 Mar 1993 9 Apr 1997

Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines 20 Sep 1993

Samoa 14 Jan 1993

San Marino 13 Jan 1993

Saudi Arabia 20 Jan 1993 9 Aug 1996

Senegal 13 Jan 1993 20 Jul 1998

Seychelles 15 Jan 1993 7 Apr 1993

Sierra Leone 15 Jan 1993

Singapore 14 Jan 1993 21 May 1997

Slovakia 14 Jan 1993 27 Oct 1995

Slovenia 14 Jan 1993 11 Jun 1997

South Africa 14 Jan 1993 13 Sept 1995

Spain 13 Jan 1993 3 Aug 1994

Sri Lanka 14 Jan 1993 19 Aug 1994

Suriname 28 Apr 1997 28 Apr 1997

Swaziland 23 Sep 1993 20 Nov 1996

Sweden 13 Jan 1993 17 Jun 1993

Switzerland 14 Jan 1993 10 Mar 1995

Tajikistan 14 Jan 1993 11 Jan 1995

Thailand 14 Jan 1993

Togo 13 Jan 1993 23 Apr 1997

Tunisia 13 Jan 1993 15 Apr 1997

Turkey 14 Jan 1993 12 May 1997

Turkmenistan 12 Oct 1993 29 Sep 1994

Uganda 14 Jan 1993

Ukraine 13 Jan 1993 16 Oct 1998

United Arab Emirates 2 Feb 1993

United Kingdom 13 Jan 1993 13 May 1996

United Republic of Tanzania 25 Feb 1994 25 Jun 1998

United States of America 13 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Uruguay 15 Jan 1993 6 Oct 1994

Uzbekistan 24 Nov 1995 23 Jul 1996

Venezuela 14 Jan 1993 3 Dec 1997

Viet Nam 13 Jan 1993 30 Sept 1998

Yemen 8 Feb 1993

Zambia 13 Jan 1993

Zimbabwe 13 Jan 1993 25 Apr 1997

Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations
were made upon ratification or accession.)

Austria

Declaration:

belgium

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

As a Member State of the European Community, the Government of Belgium will implement the provisions of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, in accordance with its obligations arising from the rules of the Treaties establishing the European Communities to the extent that such rules are applicable.

china

Upon signature:

Declarations:

" I. China has consistently stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all chemical weapons and their production facilities. The Convention constitutes the legal basis for the realization of this goal. China therefore supports the object and purpose and principles of the Convention.

II. The object and purpose and principles of the Convention should be strictly abided by. The relevant provisions on challenge inspection should not be abused to the detriment of the security interests of States Parties unrelated to chemical weapons. Otherwise, the universality of the Convention is bound to be adversely affected.

III. States Parties that have abandoned chemical weapons on the territories of other States parties should implement in earnest the relevant provisions of the Convention and undertake the obligation to destroy the abandoned chemical weapons.

IV. The Convention should effectively facilitate trade, scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation in the field of chemistry for peaceful purposes. All export controls inconsistent with the Convention should be abolished."

Upon ratification:

Declarations:

1. China has always stood for complete prohibition and thorough destruction of chemical weapons. As CWC has laid an international legal foundation for the realization of this goal, China supports the purpose, objectives and principles of the CWC.

2. China calls upon the countries with the largest chemical weapons arsenals to ratify CWC without delay with a view to attaining its purposes and objectives at an early date.

3. The purposes, objectives and principles of CWC should be strictly observed. The provisions concerning challenge inspection shall not be abused and the national security interests of States parties not related to chemical weapons shall not be compromised. China is firmly opposed to any act of abusing the verification provisions which endangers its sovereignty and security.

4. Any country which has abandoned chemical weapons on the territory of another country should effectively implement the relevant CWC provisions, undertake the obligations to destroy those chemical weapons and ensure the earliest complete destruction of all the chemical weapons it has abandoned on another state's territory.

5. CWC should play a sound role in promoting international trade, scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of chemical industry. It should become the effective legal basis for regulating trade and exchange among the state parties in the field of chemical industry.

cuba

Declarations:

The Government of the Republic of Cuba declares, in conformity with article III (a) (iii) of the Convention, that there is a colonial enclave in its territory - the Guantanamo Naval Base - a part of Cuban national territory over which the Cuban State does not exercise its rightful jurisdiction, owing to its illegal occupation by the United States of America by reason of a deceitful and fraudulent Treaty.

Consequently, for the purposes of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Cuba does not assume any responsibility with respect to the aforesaid territory, since it does not know whether or not the United States has installed, possesses, maintains or intends to possess chemical weapons in the part of Cuban territory that it illegally occupies.

The Government of the Republic of Cuba also considers that it has the right to require that the entry of any inspection group mandated by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, to carry out in the territory of Guantanamo Naval Base the verification activities provided for in the Convention, should be effected through a point of entry in Cuban national territory to be determined by the Cuban Government.

The Government of the Republic of Cuba considers that, under the provisions of article XI of the Convention, the unilateral application by a State party to the Convention against another State party of any restriction which would restrict or impede trade and the development and promotion of scientific and technological knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical or other purposes not prohibited under the Convention, would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention.

The Government of Cuba designates the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, in its capacity as the national authority of the Republic of Cuba for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, as the body of the central administration of the State responsible for organizing, directing, monitoring and supervising the activities aimed at preparing the Republic of Cuba to fulfil the obligations it is assuming as a State party to the aforementioned Convention.

DENMARK

Upon signature:

Declaration:

france

Upon signature:

Declaration:

germany

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

greece

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

iran (islamic republic of)

Declarations:

"The Islamic Republic of Iran, on the basis of the Islamic principles and beliefs, considers chemical weapons inhuman, and has consistently been on the vanguard of the international efforts to abolish these weapons and prevent their use.

1. The Islamic Consultative Assembly (the Parliament) of the Islamic Republic of Iran approved the bill presented by the Government to join the [said Convention] on 27 July 1997, and the Guardian Council found the legislation compatible with the Constitution and the Islamic Tenets on 30 July 1997, in accordance with its required Constitutional process. The Islamic Consultative Assembly decided that:

The Government is hereby authorized, at an appropriate time, to accede to the [said Convention] - as annexed to this legislation and to deposit its relevant instrument.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs must pursue in all negotiations and within the framework of the Organization of the Convention, the full and indiscriminate implementation of the Convention, particularly in the areas of inspection and transfer of technology and chemicals for peaceful purposes. In case the afore-mentioned requirements are not materialized, upon the recommendation of the Cabinet and approval of the Supreme National Security Council, steps aimed at withdrawing from the Convention will be put in motion.

2. The Islamic Republic of Iran attaches vital significance to the full, unconditional and indiscriminate implementation of all provisions of the Convention. It reserves the right to withdraw from the Convention under the following circumstances:

- non-compliance with the principle of equal treatment of all States Parties in implementation of all relevant provisions of the Convention;

- disclosure of its confidential information contrary to the provisions of the Convention;

- imposition of restrictions incompatible with the obligations under the Convention.

3. As stipulated in article XI, exclusive and non-transparent regimes impeding free international trade in chemicals and chemical technology for peaceful purposes should be disbanded. The Islamic Republic of Iran rejects any chemical export control mechanism not envisaged in the Convention.

4. The Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is the sole international authority to determine the compliance of States Parties regarding chemical weapons. Accusations by States Parties against other States Parties in the absence of a determination of non-compliance by OPCW will seriously undermine the Convention and its repetition may make the Convention meaningless.

5. One of the objectives of the Convention as stipulated in its preamble is to `promote free trade in chemicals as well as international cooperation and exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical activities for purposes not prohibited under the Convention in order to enhance the economic and technological development of all States Parties.' This fundamental objective of the Convention should be respected and embraced by all States Parties to the Convention. Any form of undermining, either in words or in action, of this overriding objective is considered by the Islamic Republic fo Iran a grave breach of the provisions of the Convention.

6. In line with the provisions of the Convention regarding non-discriminatory treatment of States Parties:

- inspection equipment should be commercially available to all States Parties without condition or limitation.

- the OPCW should maintain its international character by ensuring fair and balanced geographical distribution of the personnel of its Technical Secretariat, provision of assistance to and cooperation with States Parties, and equitable membership of States Parties in subsidiary organs of the Organization,

7. The implementation of the Convention should contribute to international peace and security and should not in any way diminish or harm national security or territorial integrity of the States Parties."

ireland

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

italy

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

luxembourg

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

netherlands

Upon signature:

Declaration:

pakistan

Declaration:

"1. Pakistan has consistently stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all chemical weapons and their production facilities. The Convention constitutes an international legal framework for the realization of this goal. Pakistan, therefore, supports the objectives and purposes of the Convention.

2. The objectives and purposes of the Convention must be strictly adhered to by all states. The relevant provisions on Challenge Inspections must not be abused to the detriment of the economic and security interests of the States Parties unrelated to chemical weapons. Otherwise, the universality and effectiveness of the Convention is bound to be jeopardized.

3. Abuse of the verification provisions of the Convention, for purposes unrelated to the Convention, will not be acceptable. Pakistan will never allow its sovereignty and national security to be compromised.

4. The Convention should effectively facilitate trade, scientific and technological exchanges and co-operation in the field of chemistry for peaceful purposes. All export control regimes inconsistent with the Convention must be abolished."

portugal

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

spain

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed uponratification:

united kingdom

Upon signature:

Declaration:

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

"Subject to the condition which relates to the Annex on Implementation and Verification, that no sample collected in the United States pursuant to the Convention will be transferred for analysis to any laboratory outside the territory of the United States."

Notes: